cities.

It has also been conferred during the closing years of the 19th century by letters patent on othercities- Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield, Leeds, Cardiff, Bradford, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Belfast. 在 19 世纪末期，其他城市 - 伯明翰、利物浦、曼彻斯特、布里斯托尔、谢菲尔德、利兹、卡迪夫、布拉德福德、泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔、贝尔法斯特也获得了专利证书。