burn的用法与语法 1. 可用作及物或不及物动词: He burned her letter. 他把她的信烧了。
The tea is very hot, and don’t burn you mouth. 茶很烫,不要烫伤了嘴巴。Paper burns easily. 纸容易燃烧。The meat has burnt. 肉煮糊了。有时可指“灯亮” : All the lights are burning. 所有的灯都亮着。
2. 有时用于引申义,表示“有某种强烈的情绪”或“迫切想要”,多用于进行时态: He was burning with anger. 他怒气冲天。She was burning to buy a computer. 他很想买台电脑。
3. 构成被动语态时,除可用 be burned 外,有时也用 get burned 的形式: He was thus burned to death by the enemy. 他就这样被敌人活活地烧死了。The pudding got burned. 布丁煮糊了。
4. 关于 burned 与 burnt: (1) 美国英语通常只用 burned, 只是在用作定语时才用 burnt: He burned his hand on a hot stove. 他的手在炉子上烫伤了。The house was burned to the ground. 这座房子被烧成灰烬了。Look at the burnt sugar. 瞧这烧焦了的糖。
(2) 英国英语通常分两种情况: 用作不及物动词用时用burned;用作及物动词时用burnt: The fire burned brightly. 火烧得很亮。I’ve burnt the dinner. 我把饭煮糊了。burn down意为“烧毁”,通常是指建筑物被完全烧塌。如: (1)The school building was burned down in that big fire. 在那场大火中,学校大楼被烧毁。
(2)The whole village was burned down by the enemy. 整个村庄都被敌人烧毁了。【注】burn down作“烧毁”解释时,也可以用作不及物动词。如: (3)The woodshed burned down in half an hour. 木棚半小时内被烧毁。【注】burn down还有“火势减弱”之意。如: (4)The fire has burned down to a spark. 火已减弱,仅剩一点火星。▲burn up也有“烧毁”“烧掉”之意,但一般不是指建筑物。如: (5)Let’s burn up all this waste paper. 咱们把这些废纸都烧掉吧。
(6)The fire burned up more than $ 500,000 worth of antiques. 这场火烧掉了价值50多万美元的古董。(7)All his books were burned up in the fire. 他所有的书都在这场火灾中被焚。(8)Fires burned up 1,800 acres of timber. 大火烧毁了1800英亩的木料。【注】burn up还有“烧旺”“烧起来”之意。如: (9)Please put some wood on the fire and make it burn up. 请在火上加些木料使它烧旺。【注】burn up亦可作“用光体力”解释。如: (10)His work burned him up. 他的工作使他精疲力尽。burn down sth
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